Flood Impact Across Pakistan 2025: Provincial Exposure
Mapping Pakistan’s Recent Floods
- Punjab: Most exposed province with large population affected by floods
- Sindh: Severely impacted province with widespread inundation
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: High flood exposure in northern and river belt areas
- Balochistan: Large land area affected, sparse but vulnerable population
- Gilgit-Baltistan: Mountainous region with flash floods and glacial lake outbursts
- Azad Jammu & Kashmir: River-based flooding, smaller scale compared to other provinces
- Islamabad Capital Territory: Localized flash flooding, limited population exposure
Visual Intelligence by FactsFigs.com
Flood Exposure & Impact Data 2025
Data Source: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Pakistan
Overview
Pakistan has faced recurring floods in recent years, with devastating impacts on both people and land. From 2022 to 2025, millions of individuals were exposed to floodwaters, while vast agricultural and residential areas were inundated. The severity of these events varied across provinces, highlighting regional vulnerabilities and the urgent need for stronger disaster preparedness.
Flood Impact in Pakistan - Top 3 Provinces
The brunt of recent floods was borne by a few provinces where exposure and damage reached unprecedented levels. Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan together accounted for the largest share of affected people and inundated land. Let’s look closer at how these provinces were impacted.
Sindh hit hardest with 14M affected
Sindh has faced the brunt of recent floods, with over 14 million people affected. Vast agricultural lands, homes, and infrastructure were inundated, making it the most severely impacted province.
Punjab exposed with 11M people
Punjab, Pakistan’s most populous province, saw widespread flooding along river belts. Nearly 11 million people were exposed, with major damage to crops and rural communities.
Balochistan suffered land-wide inundation
Balochistan, though less populated, suffered large-scale land inundation. Around 6 million people were affected, with remote communities cut off due to damaged roads and infrastructure.
Fast Facts: Other Provinces
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4M – Khyber Pakhtunkhwa experienced flash floods and river overflows, leaving nearly 4 million people affected. Mountainous terrain amplified the damage in several districts.
- Gilgit-Baltistan 1M – Gilgit-Baltistan faced glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), displacing around 1 million people. The melting of glaciers has made the region increasingly vulnerable.
- Azad Jammu & Kashmir 0.8M – River flooding in Azad Jammu & Kashmir displaced approximately 800,000 people. While smaller in scale, the impact was severe in localized areas.
- Islamabad Capital Territory 0.3M – Islamabad experienced urban flash floods, with poor drainage causing waterlogging. Around 300,000 residents were affected, mostly in low-lying areas.
Human Exposure to Floods
Millions of people across Pakistan have been exposed to floods in recent years, with the highest concentration in Punjab and Sindh. Dense populations living along major rivers remain particularly vulnerable to recurring disasters.
Land and Infrastructure Damage
Floods have inundated vast agricultural lands, destroyed homes, and disrupted transportation networks. Provinces like Balochistan and Sindh experienced widespread infrastructure losses that continue to affect recovery efforts.
Rising Climate Vulnerability
Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of floods in Pakistan. Glacial melt in Gilgit-Baltistan and erratic monsoon patterns across the country underscore the urgent need for climate-resilient planning and investments.
Conclusion
The floods of recent years have highlighted the scale of vulnerability across Pakistan, exposing millions of people and vast tracts of land to recurring disasters. Provinces like Punjab and Sindh have shouldered the heaviest toll, while regions such as Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa continue to face mounting recovery challenges. “Flood resilience is no longer optional — it is essential for Pakistan’s future,” noted a climate risk expert. As climate change accelerates, strengthening infrastructure, improving early warning systems, and investing in adaptation measures will be vital to protect both lives and livelihoods.
Data Source and Attribution
Source: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Pakistan
The data used in this visualization is sourced from NDMA’s official reports, supplemented with figures from UN OCHA and World Bank disaster assessments. It includes provincial breakdowns of people exposed, people affected, and land inundated during major flood events between 2022 and 2025.
All values are approximate, rounded to the nearest million people or square kilometer where applicable. Provincial rankings are based on cumulative impact recorded over the covered period.
Last Verified: September 2025
